Livestock Program in Stube-HEMAT Sumba

Sumba areas do have prospects in the farm business. Farm animals such as cows, buffalo, horses, chickens and pigs and others are potential. In this program Stube HEMAT focuses on the raise of cows, chickens and pigs after observing that three kinds of animals have a rising graph in the local business. Not only for food sources, are those animals also cultural animal, as cultural requirement in cultural ritual. What is considered important is the information of ranch management and developing plan. Participants will interact with the expert and get much information about it. 

Community is not only consumers but at least understand how to run the process until market distribution. 

This seminar is held on December 6-8, 2009 at Christian Church of Sumba Umamapu branch of Okanggapi with 30 participants consists of 7 female and 23 male. 

Business Opportunities in the Field of Animal Husbandry
The first session is delivered by   Siti Suryani. She delivers business management, how to start a business with 4 management functions covering (1) planning, (2) organizing, (3) leadership and (4) control. She explains each function and asks participants working in groups. Each group should have a design to have a certain business by considering the four aspects of management above. Beside, participants are gathering in groups to design to start a business to with the concept explained above. After completing the process of group discussion participants present the results of group discussion.

The next session is delivered by a veterinarian, Samuel Rundi with the theme of raising cattle, pigs and chickens.  Rundi shares much about cattle farming including types of beef, breeding cattle and various kind of food for cows. He also encourages participants by sharing the benefits of cattle rising in the context of Sumba.   

As a team of Rundi Samuel, Adriana Herni Fernandes explains how to raise chickens and pigs. These explanations include process breeding, sorts of pig and chickens. This session is focusing more on how to manage cattle business so it can run well and smoothly.

In a question and answer session Ardi, a participant asks why a certain type of cow cannot be combined with other types as an example of an albino cow.

It is good question since there are many people don’t know that albino cow is the result of crossbreeding between the first and second generation so that this type can not live with other sorts. Geographic condition of Sumba should come to consideration since in dry season; it is very difficult to get fresh grass even the grass is naturally burnt because of the heat and also one of Sumba people habits to burn something in dry season. The solution is choosing sort of cow matched with Sumba condition. It is advisable that cow with camel’s hump is good in this condition as it can eat dry grass so it will be no problem in dry season. However, the good way is planting grass on owner land as stock. 

Besides natural condition of Sumba, threat of cattle theft is also factor that must be considered. It is usual for Sumbanese to let cattle scattered on the hills or hayfield because of so many number.  It is not an easy way to handle and sometimes it weakens the spirit to have livestock business.

However, making cow shed is one solution to protect animals besides having networking with security stake holders.

Animal husbandry department actually has done some programs to encourage people breed such animals. They distribute calves to farmers to breed and plant grass as food stock. Unluckily, this department cannot reach all farmers or breeders.

Knowing husbandry lives, students are encouraged to see real cow shed as their exposure. They see and find farmers to have sharing on problems related with cow breeding and its prospect. They learn how to make cow shed and how to manage it. Based on the knowledge they have in previous sessions they have critical questions to ask. During the sharing time, participants have conclusion that cow breeding yield 85% profit as income for the breeders. It is good calculation that encourages them to open job chances by doing husbandry. Observing real business on husbandry opens their mindset that survival does not depend on being government officials. They want to know more how to make own business based on the context of local potency such as husbandry. 

After the exposure, the participants get session how to manage chicken farm. Samuel Rundi still delivers the material for this session. First participants learn various kinds of chicken covering ras chicken, layer chicken and village chicken. They also learn how to begin business by cultivating chicken. The preview agribusiness is raising chicken for eggs or meat. Samuel Rundi adds that both demand of egg and meat is increasing in accordance with people’s good understanding on the need of animal protein for children growth. It is positive when such issue spreads out among students and this seminar should be held for several times regarding Sumba needs more and more animal farmers.

On the Monday morning, the place for the training is used for church worship, and one of the participants delivers the church service in Church of Umamapu. It is good practice for the participant since he is a student of theology institute. 

The photos above depict Alrit Jericho delivers the church service. Members of Umamapu church with Stube HEMAT participants are having church service together. This situation actually grows an eucumenical atmosphere since the participants come from different churches in Sumba.

The next session is with Jermia B Ndelo by focusing on chicken eggs. He shares the usage of hatching box. Hatching box can fasten chicken reproduction and also accelerate chicken egg production.

Participants watch and observe the hatching box. They ask some questions to Jermia after explanation of the usage. Jermia explains and answer their questions patiently. Then he show how to make the hatching box.

First, participants should draw the sketch with desired sizes and consult to Jermia. Each of them enthusiastically wants to make by themselves to hatch eggs at home.

FOLLOW UP
On November 13, 2009 participants are following the follow up of livestock program. Guided by Stube HEMAT team, participants visit chicken and pig farms.  

They practice to count the number of chicken, asses the weight and calculate the price. Participants are also asked to make comparison among different sorts of chicken. They come to conclusion that chicken has the most prospect among others. Visiting animal farms in a group with definitive goal gives different sense to them. Although it is not new for them, knowledge and guidance on the prospect of doing activities make them encouraged much to follow this activity. They express this impression in the discussion time with Samuel Rundi.

Capacity Building in Soe

Soe is laid in Nusa Tenggara Timur province, the same province as Sumba but they are in different island. There are also some ex-activists of Stube HEMAT Yogyakarta in Soe. Knowing that Stube HEMAT is also exist in Sumba, one of ex-activist, Rev. Yosafat Manu, S.Th, M.Si, proposed an activity for Soe students to have Capacity Building training on December 2009. Considering the important of the training for students, Stube HEMAT Sumba coordinator agreed to have one in Soe under the budgeting of Civil Society program of Stube HEMAT Sumba. This training is held on December 14-15 December, 2009 at Efata Church of Soe. There are 32 participants consisting of 19 female and 13 male. 

Civil Society Program in Stube-Sumba

Need for Civil Society training programs in Sumba for the students and youth of the church who are actors that can contribute to regional changes can lead participants to understand about what it means civil society. Because building a civil society in the context of Sumba, need to understand what will be built to connect with community needs. Participants need to know what the problem is, what the objectives and how to achieve that goal.

Civil society program is accomplished from 4 to 6 September 2009, located in Melolo Sumba Christian Church at East Sumba. The student participants and the youth of the church are 36 people consist of 16 female and 20 male.

Based on the dialogue with several community leaders in Sumba, the main challenging factor faced by Sumba is cultural factors, character and mentality. Eastern Sumba security level is better than West Sumba. West Sumba is very vulnerable to theft cases of livestock and agricultural products, which have become hereditary culture and even the practice, want to show the power of the actor's ability. The worse is the practice is usually done by people having authority and power. Such practice was carried out in groups consisting of more than 10 people.

The motto addressed to the victim is "Our first loan", and the owners can just resign because opening the door of the house to defend will endanger themselves with fatal consequences as the perpetrators had surrounded the house and ready to do anything for any obstacles. There is also a theft for revenge. Most stolen animals are used to dissipate, gambling or sold. Amazingly, market does not reduce the price although it is stolen cattle.

Seeing a lot of cattle roaming the streets or fields, it ends on conclusion that they are usually owned by perpetrators of theft. The perpetrators are organized and have skills and strength either visible or not. For example even if the cattle were not theirs, but the cattle will follow the perpetrators.

Sumba culture perceived in daily life and social structure is constructed by the three identities namely: Marapu (tribal religious beliefs), Kabihu or Clan, and Paraengngu or village. They still affect people's lives. For example, though a person is a Christian, he stores food for ancestors. Although people who have lived Sumba cities, but they will return to indigenous issues when they go home. Although one is already married to someone else but he must have a wife from his clan.

These are three characteristic of Sumba people, collectivity, not live independently but in groups and classes. Low class did not have a better chance in central and south region; however eastern part of Sumba gives better chance to survive. It happens because the eastern region gets a better information flow. Unluckily, when the lower strata have a good education, it is usually difficult to get a good position.

Culture also limits a person although he has good knowledge and well educated in Java, but when he returned to the original community, he can do nothing and have no bravery to challenge the culture current. For example in a marriage, a man must carry out the customary request for a large family on both sides. Family’s bridegroom must give a lot of number of cattle based on agreement of both parties. More impressive woman more expensive the purchase will be. Customs of sacrifice during the grieving time also make families lose number of cattle.

Role of the Sumba Church in Developing Civil Society

Viadolarosa Sony Sony King, a political practitioner of a party, delivers his session with a statement that life actually begins at 40 years old. Further is how to maintain life. “I work since I was young as a young entrepreneur and actively involved in any organizations and churches. Primary education until university is early stage of education and the real one is in the midst of society. The idea to have activities like Stube HEMAT is a brilliant one because the activities are not only theoretically but also confronts the reality of the participants directly in the community through follow-up activities”. 

Viadolorosa then asks participants their understanding about civil society.  "What is Civil Society?" Some participants say that; (1) civil society is an independent social institutions without interference from other institutions, 2) a collection of groups / communities that are not affected along with the interests of the government, 3) Civil Society is a society that is formed in an independent organization fighting for the commons good and to be able to control the government through any media. These opinions are nearly correct; Viadolorosa adds that Civil Society is a community having no direct deal with governance but Civil society is how society in the context of Sumba thinks about Sumba.

Sumba Island is in the row in NTT and sometimes it is forgotten. Technology developments will affect the development of society as information gaps cause less ability to follow current information.

The role of the Church of the Civil Society

What is Church? Church is a group of believers believing in Lord Jesus.  The Church of the ecclesia, calls people out of darkness to the light of Christ.

There are 2 responses Church:
1) Church as a building and a person is called out of darkness; into the light belong to Jesus.
2) Church is a spiritual institution.

Church has heavier duty than other institutions. Government has responsibility to humans; church has been accountable to God. Church in the ministry has a holistic task. Unfortunately church tends to save money having balance of millions dollars. Do not store money! But how use it to answer the needs of the congregation. Further, what the role of the Church of the Civil Society in the context of GKS likes? They are testifying, fellowship and serving and they are our task to be a messenger of change bringing innovation.

Actually, it is still concerned on the Christians practice in Sumba since many young people do not follow confirmation class to learn Christianity. Many churches have no critical ideas on the current regulation issued previously. Many churches have no strategy and sensitivity on real problem faced by the followers. Although Sumba is Christian majority, culture practice is done faithfully. Church does not strong policy to reduce the practice even compromise with such practice. 

Church of Sumba is required to understand the issues of the Church itself. Many best sermon themes derived from the Church, set out of local context. Church should understand the community struggles and teach the congregation. The main task is to understand how the church does the responsibility.

Further, how does the role of civil society build a church with custom background? How to implement church teachings to response life reality with various issues? It is the important of understanding local context. Jesus being born in Palestina has different context with Sumba. Cultural approach must be done by the Church. It is so creative! As long as no worship to other gods, except Jesus, church lets it go. As a church all of us must think of creative programs for economic empowerment. The church should not only hoard money, but how funds are used in services including economic empowerment.

Role of Civil Society in Promoting Regional Economic Growth

Umbu Ara Ho, SE, Msi. a vice chairman of student affairs of Economics Institute of Waingapu delivers this session. This topic is very interesting since Civil Society has related with his competency in economy. Economy grows when economic growth rate increased. Economic growth is the value of goods and services produced within a certain period was used. The value used in Indonesia is rupiah.

The progress of an area measured from the development of goods and services. However, economic development is not only viewed from economic growth but also 3 points as follows;

1. Primary needs: clothing, food, shelter. That is how someone can sustain a living
2. Development should ensure one’s dignity.  Development was to humanize person. Not because of economic development, self-esteem a person then deprived / abused.
3. Freedom for everyone to think, grow and behave.

However, under New Order era, the freedom of people and thought are very limited because of military abuse. So, talking about development should cover three points above.

In local context, conclusion on economy growth should be drawn from the bottom since the high rate of growth or high per capita income can not reflect the actual fact. Under the President of SBY government has made more attention by giving cash aids for the poor. However, it then makes quarrel among people causes horizontal conflicts. People become spoiled and have high dependency to the government. It will be better to empower people by opening chances for business loan or credits.  

Farmers and agriculture need attention since imported rice is cheaper than domestic rice produced by Indonesian farmers. While corruption is also haunted this nation. It is problem and facts as the next generation task to solve. Hopefully Stube HEMAT accommodates all students in Sumba to learn such reality to encourage them for real action. At least they will be critical people when giving their votes in general election; not to elect people without spirit to make social welfare for the marginal.

It is still open a chance for students to ask the government responsibility on what have done for the people as reformation in this country began by students. Student movements must revive by doing any activities such as talk show with government about social welfare through any mass media.

Functions of the Legislative to Formulate Policy Become Public Regulation
VIADOLAROSA SONY Radja still delivers this session. He reminds that the function of legislative body is closely related with the concept of democracy. The term of democracy comes from Greek, demos (people) and kratein (rule). So democracy means people govern.

For this topic, democracy in the context of Sumba is unique. Why? Majority people occupying the House of Representative are not fit. Why? They are elected because charismatic factors or royal family. When the House of Representatives can not do anything, it always becomes a discourse. Sumba has unique context compared to other places. The democracy concept of people by people and for people is not longer necessary. Public regulation cannot help.

 There are 3 parties in the democratic system in Indonesia.

1. Legislative
2.  Executive
3. Supreme Court.

Before the decision of any policy, the stake holder should know the problems of community. Live with them understand characters and find the root of the problem is very important to bring to our representatives.

As long as a regulation still relevant, it can be used any longer. There may be any revision.  Religious leaders should not be afraid to talk to convey a prophetic voice against bribes attitude and corruption, not only money but also time and law. Woman role is very important in the House of Representative since 30% of opportunities have not been fulfilled. Every Christian should look at the predecessors being brave for justice. Speak constantly to change bad behavior and character. Woman is long neglected and culture contributes to that.

However, it is not necessary to change the culture but change the mindset on woman participants. Actually, 30% is so limit as normally 50% is the standard of balance. It is so ideal that young people conduct as people representatives as they are strong and still full of spirit and innovation. Unluckily, family or clan will be ashamed when the senior of the clan is not elected although the ability and competency is doubted. Such system weakens ideal criteria.

Civil Society from the NGO movement toward People's Movement
Kabuwang Rudi Yanto Hunga, SH.MH, a legal practitioner delivers this session. He says that civil society has an aim to make people participate to know rights and obligation in the relation with government.

Building Civil Society, in the context of Sumba will touch the needs of the community such as human rights, their status before the government, economic needs or equal rights before the law. These rights are associated with other institutions to fulfill their rights. Civil Society also makes people appear reasonable in relation to society and government. We always live in balance between the rights and obligations. There are many non-governmental organizations in Sumba accommodate people aspiration to government. The main thing is people know what they need, objectives and solution. Non-governmental organizations can implement persuasive activities in their movement. They must know how the government's objectives, how the government and government’s management.

People can do:
1. Direct persuasive interaction with government
2. Following procedures to achieve goals by simply pressing through meeting or dealing directly with the purposed institutions
3. Having legal effort to the addressed institutions

Having community aware to the importance of organization is difficult, so how can Sumba have civil society movement? What are the tips? Sometimes a social movement is just lasting for a rainy season then comes to end.

First, people must understand their rights then achievements can be done. When they know exactly their right, they will strive to gain it although pressure and obstacle hinder the way. They will not come to end easily before achieving the goals. If government can fulfill people’s right, social movement strive for the right will not emerge. However, sometimes a certain interest from a certain people mixed with student movement. The weakness of young people is not able to rebuild and construct the damage. Then, further question is where the role of the church is? Church can not be separated from humans. Church is also people community who think about the rights and obligations.  Church is able to perform a movement to create a conducive atmosphere for people to work in any fields. A priest should not only pray for it even sometimes allergic to politics. Politics is often considered evil. People should understand church as an institution that pray, think and dream of a better life.

Politics is dirty still questionable. People need a legal institution through the aspirations of the people to organize life. Election means that we are unifying ideas, desires and hopes. We achieve what we want; we unite and fight for our political rights. Leader is chosen not because of human, but whit criteria. Dirty politics begins when people tarnished their political rights through the practice of buying votes.

Frankly, there are many organizations in East Sumba, but less voicing people aspirations. Further, we need a strong leader, decisive, intelligent and understand the law. Leaders are dreamers and hope creators. It is OK to fight for right alone, but preferably through an institution is better. Take a case of unfair punishment in a court. Community will participate to have advocacy organization concentrating on law. This institution together with other institutions may provide guidance and assist the community. Law programs among community can work together to socialize the legal issues.

One problem in Tarimbang (one village in Sumba) must be viewed with democratic process analysis. Democracy should respect those who give an opinion. Democracy also teaches us to accept either win or lose.

Sumba is an agriculture area with potency of animal husbandry. However, economic actors in the agricultural sector are in small number. It must be a concept of how to empower communities to expand their land for agriculture or animal husbandry potency, improve the quality and marketing. We must create the market and the government should interfere. Habit to commit on routine, quantity and quality must be the value. Policy must be open opportunity for the people to have market since market is very important to protect and distribute the products.

Movement of Civil Society in the Context of Sumba
Stepanus Makambombu, S. Kom, Msi. ex-activist of Stube HEMAT Yogyakarta delivers this session. He says that actually the concept of civil community is still in debate. Civil society is not part of a political organization. Civil society is outside the area of state, market (capitalism, socialism). What are meant by civil society are the people who clustered because there is mutual interest. For example related to public services, clean water, education is not satisfying as well as government services, the people gathered to fight for their rights. That is what civil society is. How do the ways to do fight. 

If we want to build civil society in East Sumba, we must look at context. Is the atmosphere matched? Understanding economic indicators is important to have analysis. Seventy five % of people are living in villages while the rest are spread out in cities.  The capita income of Sumba in NTT is in 4th rank but ironically the human resources quality is low.  Is poverty the only problem? No! The consumer price index in Indonesia is quite high. Provincial BPS data shows that people spend Rp 600.000/ month.  But the reality shows much lower Rp. 28.000. It is such contradiction. Statistical data shows that only 2% of the population enjoys the results of development. What about education? Indicator index illiteracy rates of 40% means that conditions are not good for civil society. Sumba has 14.45% illiteracy rate.

Social aspects of Sumba daily culture are shaped by three identities that form social construction.
1. Marapu.
2. Clan/ kabihu.
3. Paraengngu.

Intentionally or not, three things still affect people's lives. For example, we are Christians, but there are still storing food for the ancestors. Although people have moved to live in Sumba cities, they will return to indigenous issues. If there are customs problems they must return to clan. Although people are married to someone out side Sumba, they must also gather with clan.  

The three substances construct Sumbanese character; living in collectivity and groups not living independently. Sense of collectivity may suppress the occurrence of social conflicts in the community. So the conclusion will be:
1. Civil Society movement has not emerged, since people are busy to care their living not thinking of movement.
2. Lower class group must strive to reach their right.
3. Illiteracy rates and low education levels affect the movement of civil society.

It is admitted that three substances weaken social conflict, but the other side weaken civil society movements.
Thus, it is our duty to strengthen the network work by encouraging political parties to have good performance.

How Social Strata is criticized? What is the advantage of moving in groups like civil society? Income per capita of East Sumba is very high, but why it can not make social aware among society?

Anyone from lower classes does not have a better chance. Eastern region is more open to development and progress for lower classes but not in central region and the south. Why? Eastern region has a better information flow. If lower strata have a good education can not have a good position. Why? It is caused by culture that limits it.

Having movement by yourself is easily broken, but if you move in a group it will be more powerful.

Problem of poverty is due to inflation. When prices soar, government must interfere, to control. Government must reveal if there is monopoly practice controlling the prices. However, when such practice is done in corporation with the government, people will be suffering. It is the role of the Parliament to fight for people’s aspirations. It will be so strange that we still choose in general election people that do not talk anything.

Exposure to Stimulant Institute

Stimulant Institute is an independent institution to watch public policies as an example of real application of civil society in Sumba. The director is Stephanus Makambombu. He is ex-activist of Stube HEMAT Yogyakarta. He completed his study in Yogyakarta and Salatiga, then he came back to work for his local region. Since established, Stimulant Institute has made some advocacies to public policies that are not in side with people such as policies of public water, electricity, public health and so on.

During discussion process, a student named Yonathan T, says that it is the first time he knows such institution that making advocacy on public policies. He admits that people of Sumba really need such institution since generally people do not care about the policy and just suffer from injustice police without knowing to do.

Arniyani L.Nau, a participant asks to Stephanus about the obstacles faced by this institution to make fair play regarding the tight kinship / relationship of Sumbanese. Stephanus answers that his institution will handle any problems professionally without considering kinship of the involved people. Fair play and justice are the basic policy of this institution. Another participant named Nadus asks the problem of frequent putting off the electricity in Waingapu causing damaged of many people’s soft ware. Stephanus declares that now STIMULANT institution is investigating such case that happens frequently in Waingapu. Not only instruments damage but also losing income of people rely their business on electricity. However, it is not only problem of Waingapu city but also Sumba even as a whole country in Indonesia.

Local Exposure

Ecology Development and Conservation Co-partner with Christian Student Movement in Tentena, Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi

I have followed some programs held by Stube HEMAT such as Program Orientation, Social Analysis, Organic Agriculture, Waste Treatment and Ecology. I feel more mature to see my life and opportunity. As a student of theology in Indonesian Nazarene Theological College, I have task to bring good news about Christ to everyone. 

 

ube HEMAT enriches me with any skills through programs I follow. The skills make me easy to have communication with other people by approaching them with any social problem they have. Further, I am very happy to have chance in local exposure program that supports me to go home to see my local region I have left during my study. I wonder what I can do there during my holiday. For a while, I remember riots of conflict in my regions because of religions sentiment and political reasons. Boomed market, boomed churches and shot-death priest alert me to do something. I remembered the scene of ruined building, scattered rubbish, heaps of boards and soil when I left for Java to have safe education. I plan to do something related with ecology that I am sure has been long neglected by people.

Arriving in Palu, Central Sulawesi on June 8, 2009 I had to spend 8 hours by public transport to my home in Tentena. It was great! God always guides me to home. Actually, I plan to realize my plan with “Sondaka” Youth Centre however, I found it has internal problem that is almost closed. I searched alternative organization that finally I met a friend from Christian Student Movement in Tentena. I shared and discussed ecological problem in Tentena with all activist and made decision to make action. I gave all ecological material from Stube HEMAT to them as sources to learn.

Listen to some suggestions, we chose ex-central market, the dirtiest location in Tentena. Making such action was not simple, as it had to cooperate with other institutions like Church Synod, Police and City Plan Department of Tentena City. We also involved students of three Christian High Schools to take part in this action.

It took one month to coordinate this action, that we finally had agreement to do it in the morning of August 1, 2009. My friends and I prepared brochure of Ecology Damage occurred in Indonesia distributed in the action.

I was very happy that Chief of Christian Student Movement totally supported this action, by giving some oration before action. Rev. Damanik, the supervisor of the organization was also actively involved in that action together with police. Students of three Christian High Schools were happy to involve. It was time to show that Christians also cares to ecology preservation, conservation action and nature as the response to God blessing on the earth.

 

Honestly, I was touched by good response although I did not bring money but just idea to move them into action. I motivated people to involve in natural conservation action and begin to think about nature and conservation. The next agenda was cleaning Poso Lake, but I could not involve, as I had to go back to Java for my study. It becomes the agenda of Christian Student Movement in Tentena. They will prove that they care of nature.

This photo is Friends of Christian Student Movement in Tentena with Rev. Damanik and I.
Thank you Stube HEMAT, you have triggered me to act. I experienced much during my holiday.

 

Trafficking Problems in Manggarai Regency, East Nusa Tenggara

Name : Saralince Widyawati Bunga Tadu
University : STPMD (Village Development College)
Period : October 2009 - December 2009

Human trafficking is not only phenomenon but it is fact that we must solve as soon as possible. I am from NTT, the eastern part of Indonesia and NTT has highest rank in this case. Indonesian labor to abroad such as to Malaysia, Brunei, Korea, Hongkong and other surrounding countries may be the route of human trafficking of Indonesian human resource, and Manggarai is a town having most labor recruitment in NTT. Eighty percent of Indonesian woman labor going abroad is from NTT with low education and skills.

International Catholic Migration Commission notes 1000 trafficking cases, LBH Apik notes 125 cases, International Organization of Migration (IOM) notes 335 cases during the year of 2005-2007. The last data from Labor Department of NTT Province shows 1.209 cases during 2007. The actual data will be more since it is not transparent cases.

As a student from NTT, I am very concerned about this case, but I can do nothing. It is lucky that I have chance to take local exposure that I can coordinate with local NGO concerning on trafficking case, local church and local government administrator.

I found that government actually has issued regulation on human trafficking, No. 21/ 2007 to prevent trafficking and send to jail those break the law. However, it is not socialized well among law enforcers themselves so the treatments of trafficking cases are not so optimum. Trafficking case is not the same with other criminal case. Even families of victims close the case for many reasons. It is difficulties of spots.

There are some factors causing trafficking. Generally, poverty, limitation job chances of the area, high rate of unemployment make people immigrate to other places, cities, regions and countries to get better living. Hedonism is also factor to make people brave to do instant action without considering their skills and law protection. Going abroad as illegal workers are very common without thinking the risk on their life. Corrupting law enforcers also make worse of the condition. This case is more and more every year, although local government of NTT has issued regulation no. 14 / 2008 to protect NTT labor going abroad.

Since majority NTT people are Christians, I ask local churches of Maumere to care about this case and make action of advocacy both to applicants and to victims. Concerning this case, I come to PIAR, Rumah Perempuan, TRUK-F, Woman National Commission of NTT and Bureau of Woman Empowerment. They are NGOs concerning on woman cases and trafficking.The data I got is very crucial to write my thesis as the requirement to finish my study in Yogyakarta. Local condition calls me to write and make action for them. This local exposure enables me to have networking with other organizations focusing on trafficking. Further, I will come back to synergize them and apply what I write. Thanks Stube HEMAT.


Malnutrition and Children Growth at Aru, Dobo, Maluku

Name : Yohana M. Kalorbobir
University : Faculty of Nursery of Respati University
Period : August 2009 - October 2009

I am a student of Nursery Department and I am interested in local exposure program of Stube HEMAT. I plan to have health mapping about malnutrition and children growth at Aru, Dobo, Maluku in where I was born. Aru is islands group. Some of them are still no dwellers. Aru is a new made region established in 2003. Although it is a new administration but it is no reason to have children malnutrition there. Based on the malnutrition mapping I learn that Aru is in-group of children malnutrition zone. I think that this deep observation on such case is very important to reveals since children are important as next generation of nations, especially for Aru people themselves.

I concentrate in Dobo, the capital city of Aru. It is puzzled that Dobo with intermediate and higher social class group has malnutrition (Kwashiorkor and Marasmus). Kwashiorkor is a shortage energy and protein because of protein deficiency, while Marasmus is a shortage of energy and protein because of energy (calorie) deficiency. This case is commonly among children age of 1,5 – 2 years. Kwashiorkor makes the sufferers thin while Marasmus makes the sufferers swelling.

Dates collection involves Health Department of Dobo, hospitals, health public service, churches and woman groups. It indicates that malnutrition is kind of ashamed case of a family and for the region. Sometimes hospitals or public health service are reluctant to give the dates or it has not managed well for the solution. I found that economy crisis made people lost their jobs and lost their income. They cannot provide good nutrition food for themselves and for their children. Culture reason gives contribution to the malnutrition, as they cannot eat for some fishes that I found many people in Java consume as their food. People should learn the variety of their food from any sources that they can cultivate themselves. Lack of food knowledge is also the reason that contributes to such cases.

All stakeholders in healthy sector must work in synergy to reveal such condition not to close it. Self-cultivation of food sources must be propagandized like planting spinach, tomato and other vegetables in the yard for family consumption or cultivation of fishpond, not just relying on sea fish.This condition encourages me to finish my study in Java. Many works to do in local region are waiting for me.
.

Students’ Presentation on Exposure

Date : December 20, 2009
Place : Wisma Immanuel
Participants : 20 students

Students share their findings on their exposure and note any problems on bamboo cultivation. The points are:

People do not know well bamboo, its usage, technology innovation on bamboo and many unique designs of bamboo construction.
Bamboo cultivation and promotion requires legal policy and government’s policy to protect it.
Bamboo stakeholders, government and people should have the same framework to develop bamboo.***

Yogyakarta Bamboo Exposure

The other participants of Bamboo training have exposure in Yogyakarta to get further information working with bamboo. They are divided into 4 groups to visit some objects. The objects of the exposure in Yogyakarta are Klaten, Bantul river bank, Karti Aji, Karya Manunggal, Sahabat Bambu and Semoya Kindergarten.

1. Bamboo Craft in Klaten.
They have exported their product, bamboo duck to Europe. They use petrol and camphor to make their product durable.

2. Bamboo Conservation at River Bank in Bantul
Banguntapan village is a small village in Bantul Regency, eastern part of Yogyakarta. Jemingan, a church member of Javanese Church of Mergangsan lived close to the riverbank. He guides students to explore the area.

Bamboo has grown well in the riverbank for a long time even he does not know who has planted them. There are many kinds of bamboo there, such as, ori, apus, wulung and petung. Those bamboos prevent soil erosion because of water stream especially when flood is coming. People living surroundings use bamboo to make bamboo wall or sell the bamboo intact.

It is pity that people there do not have synergized management to sell bamboo as special product of the village. They sell bamboo independently so there is possibility for unhealthy competition on bamboo selling. Recently, it is very surprising that local government ask people to clear the bamboo for health reasons but people there defend to grow the bamboo for economical reasons.

3. Karti Aji and Karya Manunggal
The pioneer of Karti Aji, bamboo handicraft centre is Mrs. Pariyo after following bamboo training held by one NGO in Yogyakarta. Then she asks other women in her village to begin working with bamboo making some handicraft and kitchen tools. Because of good prospect, her husband and her son help her to develop the business, named Karti Aji. Karti Aji located in Sleman and now it has 14 workers. Market of Karti Aji reaches foreign countries as export product.

4. Sahabat Bambu and ABA Semoya Kindergarten
Students need to visit and to know further about Sahabat Bambu after following the training. They come again in a group to learn this community and the business organization. Students find that Sahabat Bambu or called SaBa gets support from MAP-Indonesia, UNIDO, Eko Prawoto Architecture Workshop, Indobamboo, kelompok pengrajin Bambu Sendari, and Tirtoadi Village officials.

The goal of SaBa is promoting bamboo and increasing the image of bamboo through durable bamboo and unique bamboo architectural construction. SaBa has whole bamboo management from seeding, controlled bamboo cutting, construction, handicraft and final product. SaBa also does up date innovation to make bamboo competitive product.
The example of Bamboo Construction for Kindergarten of ABA Semoya Berbah

Students are very excited to know bamboo in use by doing exposure. After the exposure done by each group, students present the result and data of each object to inform other groups.

Exposure to Bali

Exposure to Bali enriches students to know certain community and area conserving bamboo because bamboo use is very close to Bali culture. Stube HEMAT chooses three students from the training to get chance to go for exposure in Bali. They are students with architectural study background, environmental study background and economics study background.

Bali is located in the east of Java Island. Bali is famous for Tourism Island with Hindu majority. Bali keeps its original either in daily life or building construction. There are many places to visit have bamboo design or even forest of bamboo. The exposure objects are Linda Garland Cottage (Nyuh Kuning), Green School (Sibang Kaja, Ubud), Bangli Panglipuran village, Bamboo forest of Tabanan Regency and Bona village in Gianyar as the centre of bamboo handicraft.

Linda Garland Cottage
Linda Garland is an Australian developing bamboo as major construction of her building besides wood, stone, and coarse grass for the roof. She also develops various kind of bamboo plant in her 12-hectare bamboo forest. She has a bamboo foundation named EBF (Environmental Bamboo Foundation). Bamboo furniture is specific furniture in her cottage as depicted in photo beside. The next pictures are depicting the situation of EBF.

Bamboo forest in Panglipuran Village
Panglipuran Village is very special because this village has 50-hectare bamboo forest. This village has been one of tourism spots in Bali, so it is very neat in management.

Bamboo Forest in Tabanan Regency
The head of Tabanan Regency is much concerned on the soil condition of Tabanan that is very infertile and the dry of water spring because of wild tree cutting. He thinks that bamboo is very good for soil preservation and the best solution.

Bona Village, the centre of bamboo handicraft
Bona village is famous for bamboo handicraft in Bali. Its bamboo product has been exported to many countries.

Green School, Sibang Kaja, Denpasar- Bali
Green school is an international school with 113 expatriate students coming from 20 different countries. School building and the class interior are mainly from bamboo.

Bamboo Training

Date: December 4-6, 2009
Place: Kayu Manis Hotel, Kaliurang, Faculty of Civil Engineering of Gadjah Mada University,
Sahabat Bambu Organization
Participants : 40 (male, female)

The goals of the training:
Students understand the problems and bamboo potency mapping in Indonesia with all usage.
Learning bamboo treatment technology
Observing bussiness chance on bamboo furniture and handicraft.
Being aware and willling to be pioneer of bamboo cultivation and promotion.
Being a motivator on bamboo usage as alternative wood with advanced technology.

Ir. Yustinus Suranto, MP, a lecturer in Faculty of Forestry of Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta is one of sources for Bamboo in Bamboo programs of Stube HEMAT. He is also Bamboo activist in PERBINDO (Bamboo lovers’ community) organization. In fact, bamboo is multifunction plant covering food sources, building construction, household furniture, energy sources, cloth fiber, water distributor, decorative plant, soil protection, environmental conservator, erosion preventer, tsunami barrier, even toothpick.

The superiority of Bamboo may be described as easily grow in many location condition either tropics or temperate climate, once planted forever, fastest vegetation growth (50 cm in 24 hours), much absorbing CO2, many varieties, harvested in short age (1-4 years), many diameter sizes, lignocelluloses, light, hard and strong with strong fiber. Further, participants are learning about Bamboo in detailed.

Bamboo has 1000 kinds in 80 genuses in the world and 145 kinds in 20 genuses are in Indonesia as endemic and exotic plant. Sumatera has 75 species, Java has 60 species, Sulawesi has 23 species, Kalimantan has 22 species, Bali has 19 species, Nusa Tenggara has 14 species and Maluku has 13 species (Elizabeth Wijaya, 2000). It is fact that Indonesia has big potency on Bamboo. Then, what is the problem?

There are some reasons for people not to use bamboo as their wood references regarding to its durable, scarcity, modern ideology that leaves local material replaced with plastic, and the changing of life style orientation. It is worse that government does ignore this potency and bamboo crisis, no effort for prevention and cultivation. Government involvement is exactly demanded, especially Department of Agriculture, Forestry, Industry and Tourism and Culture as protector body of this plant. Unluckily, we can see that Bamboo is still waif.


Technology of Bamboo Treatment and the Usage
(Construction, Connection and Lamination)

Prof. Dr. Ir. Morisco opens his office although it is Saturday, the free day for him to take a rest. He accepts students following Bamboo program. Before guiding students to his laboratory and his workshop, he delivers technology model for bamboo treatment and some techniques of bamboo conjunction in class. He also shows many chances doing with bamboo either bamboo cultivation or bamboo industry. It has good prospect especially to open job chances in the future. Students are interested and ask many questions to the Professor. He declares that he has begun to observe bamboo and does many researches since 1994. He makes data all bamboo in Indonesia and makes research on it. Actually if we want to be honest for the forest damage there will be no any longer permition for cutting tress in Indonesia in great scale. If so, disaster will be daily problem for Indonesia. Bamboo is one potential alternative to replace wood. Just in two months, bamboo has its maximum growth to be old and strong. Bamboo is in good quality when it is cut in 3-5 years. Farmer then can cut every year without any area expansion. People can plant 250-300 Bamboo ‘Petung’ in one-hectare area. In the harvest time, one bamboo will be Rp. 50.000, - until Rp 70.000,-. From this assumption, people can predict the profit. However, there is no one to be the pioneer for such work. Students watch treatment for bamboo to make it durable at laboratory.

The strength of Bamboo tug may be compared with steel. In the laboratory Prof. Morisco has researched, that 1 cm bamboo will break out when it is pulled by 4 tons mass. Indonesian bamboo, especially ‘petung’ is stronger than other bamboo in the world. Tug and curve capacity of bamboo is higher than woods actually. However, weevil-making bamboo porous easily is the weakness of bamboo. It is the important of bamboo treatment to reduce starch substance as weevil food source. ‘Ori’ and ‘apus’ are bamboo with low starch substance. Cutting bamboo has special schedule based on the time of the lowest starch content. Submerged bamboo in 2 weeks or injection on chemical substances into bamboo body may reduce starch content to make it more durable. The chemical substance is made of borax, boric acid and water to make 10% saturation.

Bamboos are cut in order not to be over 12 hours after cutting. In 12 hours, chemical mixtures can perforate bamboo cells easily as they are still alive. Then the consequence is then in the price that will be 4 times higher than without treatment. Market will select the condition and people will be free to choose. Producers must be honest to say about bamboo condition. Bamboo with treatment may last more than 20 years.

Students learn how to connect bamboo effectively with strong construction. Commonly people connect bamboo using rope or axis. Such traditional connection is not strong. Gadjah Mada University has developed bamboo construction since 1994.Using bolt and cement filling is assumed as good model of connection. Wood or concrete filling is also other model for filling with smooth gradation of pebble and cement.


Bamboo Lamination

Bamboo will be much exotic in natural condition. Although bamboo has become stronger but innovation in the performance must be developed. Lamination technique is one model to make bamboo more durable and exotic. Bamboo is cut into blades in square then unified using adhesive glue then pressed into lamination bamboo. Lamination products are board, partition, or furniture or even wood block. Up to now, lamination bamboo is for export market since domestic market is not so good for lamination.

It is still in a plan for fabric scale to produce lamination bamboo since good future prospect. Promoting and socializing bamboo as Indonesian wood asset may raise bamboo prestige to attract people’s interest to use.
Here with the picture of lamination bamboo in use is very different with the origin of bamboo. The production is still limited as it is not mass production. Government and other stakeholders should be alert in this potency and good prospect.

Entering laboratory of Prof. Morisco, students observe the process of bamboo treatment and lamination. The above pictures are board and block of lamination bamboo. Lamination product for TV set is very nice and simple. Prof. Morisco is surprised to know Stube HEMAT program and community, especially the interest of students in bamboo although they are coming from various study background and regencies in Indonesia. He has a wish that students will be the next generation that has known bamboo potency and prospect that someday when they have finished their study, they can apply the knowledge to promote bamboo in use.
After visiting laboratory and having discussion with Prof. Morisco and some workers in laboratory, students visit his workshop. Before leaving, they took a photo together.


‘Sahabat Bambu’ – How to make durable bamboo

‘Sahabat Bambu’ is a commercial bamboo firm. It works with treatment bamboo for construction. Indra Setiadarma is the director of this bamboo firm. He is well trained about bamboo and has experiences in bamboo construction. Students visit ‘Sahabat Bambu’ to know a real business with durable bamboo and it is the only firm in Yogyakarta working with durable bamboo for construction.

He was interested working with bamboo after looking the useful bamboo as alternative wood when earthquake occurred in Yogyakarta in 2006. Bamboo has economical potency besides it can conserve soil and environment.

The treatments done in ‘Sahabat Bambu’ are VSD (Vertical Soak Diffusion), Vacuum Pressure, Buchery System, and Submerging. Each system has its positive values. VSD takes low cost but takes time for treatment about 10-15 days. Vacuum pressure is fast in process just 24 hours, but it takes much cost. Students look at the bare house where durable bamboo is vertically placed for the VSD treatment.

Indra Setiadarma is a young person with good sense of entrepreneurship with local asset that nearly neglected by its people. He also has co-partner working with Professor Morisco to enhance the quality of bamboo production. He motivates students to do with what are available in surroundings. His experiences working with expatriate doing bamboo construction opens students’ mind that actually we have low appreciation with what we have already. Modern trend and consumerism has changed minds by appreciating new trend and leaving the previous one. Below is VSD process done in ‘Sahabat Bambu’.

Indra says that everything done must be unique to distinguish from others. He welcomes students whoever wants to work with bamboo as he has done now. It will motivate him more to do the best not to be assumed as his rival, but motivator instead.

Bamboo, an eco-friendly source for archiitecture
Ir. Eko Prawoto, M.Arch, an architectural lecturer of Duta Wacana Christian University of Yogyakarta is a bamboo promoter in architectural design. Image that bamboo is wood for poor must be changed through design. It is a challenge for students of architect to use bamboo in their designs. Besides it is a renewable source, bamboo construction is also compatible with country having just 2 seasons like Indonesia. Effort to promote bamboo is students or participants of this training’s task since they know well many things about bamboo. The problem is pioneering work as example for others. Eko Prawoto shows his designs using bamboo construction for churches and bridges that may motivate students to know bamboo in use. He reminds the participants to make real action in promoting bamboo to change people’s old assumption on bamboo. They should be part of bamboo promoter, especially students from regions having bamboo potency.


Developing Motivation of Entrepreneurship

Knowing good potency of bamboo will be stagnant without any action and no impact made for others. Dra. Umi Murtini, M,Si, an economics lecturer of Duta Wacana Christian University delivers her session about developing sense of entrepreneurship. Following bamboo training held by Stube H.E.M.A.T, participants know chances doing something with bamboo. Become an entrepreneur is not impossible for everyone. However, it requires a will to be different from others. First, an entrepreneur should formulate his/her vision then he/she should motivate herself/himself that what is done will be succeed although there are many obstacle in front. Communicative and creative in informing his/her product to others in any conditions is also one of the requirements. Students ask many interesting questions to Umi Murtini, such as, how to make financial capital to run a business for the first time, how to create market of a certain product, how to solve the feeling of bored to do the same thing, and to create a new business.

Innovations, risk taker, original idea, self-confidence, appreciation to other’s criticism are spirits to challenge the chances. However, one must regard on capability, financial capital, market and legal protection he/she has before doing something. One must analyze and judge the four aspects for feasibility.


Experience Sharing with Business Practitioner

One networking Stube HEMAT has is Bamboo Shop of ‘Karya Manunggal’ run by Sumarno. Sumarno is just senior high school graduate. He cannot find good job to earn his family just working as a bookkeeper in one credit unit in his village. Then he quit from his work and began to make a job for himself by making bamboo furniture. First, he began with three other friends of his in 1996 but in the process, his two friends resigned and since March 4, 1997, he opened his own shop ‘Karya Manunggal’.

First, he did not enough financial capital so he pawned his land certificate to get some loan. Hard working and never despondent is the key of his success. He admits that he does not good management and no certain skill to manage but he learns from experiences and does not want to fail for the second time. Preserving trust and product quality may promote his shop. Networking with Stube HEMAT brings good impact for him to open larger colleagues. Now, government gives attention to bamboo workers for some training on technology and treatment. Recently he gets order bamboo furniture from Poland and he admits that the profit can reach 35%-45%.

This session is very interesting since the practitioner is not university graduate but he can exist doing his business in bamboo. With his good sense of entrepreneur he has 15 workers in his shop and fulfill many demand both local, national even international. It gives much impression to the participants that action is very important to gain the dream. Sumarno does not work for his own welfare but he opens job chances for others surrounding him.

Bamboo Program

There are about 1.250 bamboo species in the world and about 140 species or 11 % are in Indonesia. That’s why Indonesia has actually good potency on bamboo. For long time Indonesians have used bamboo as house construction, agricultural equipment, furniture, music instrument and even as food source. However, it has not been optimalized in use for some reasons of quickly rotten and short pertinance although now technology has changed the condition by doing some treatments.

Bamboo cultivation must be done in line with reforestation and eco-friendly cultivation. Bamboo produces seven times biomass. It is much more compared with tree forest. Besides that, bamboo has function to tie up soil particle to prevent erosion. Functioning bamboo should be integrated with the bamboo provision either quantity or quality.

It is a real threatment when other countries claim the patent right of bamboo since Indonesians neglect what actually have been provided in Indonesia.

Stube HEMAT is much concerned on such issue and it tries to perform trainings every period in its proposal to attract young generations and students to be aware on this potency especially Christian students coming from local regions which has bamboo potency to open their minds on such potency, students with study background of architectural, biology, environment or economy and stube HEMAT activists.

Follow up done by students

Students get involved in the commemoration of AIDS International Day on December 10, held in Yogyakarta on December 2, 2009.

Perform art performance at Commemorate Night of HIV/AIDS, held in ‘Jogja Kembali’ Monument on December 4, 2009.

Get Red Ribbon - Do Something.
It is a follow up held in Institute of Foreign Language (STBLIA).1 Dec '09 "Raise Awareness", students ask their friends to express their sympathy in HIV/AIDS by red dressing or red accessories.

1-3 Dec "Fundraise: Get Red Ribbon - Do something
Students are selling red bracelet ribbon for Rp. 3.000, - (three thousand rupiahs) and then donated to HIV/AIDS organization.

2-3 Dec "Tree of Hope"
Students make a “Tree of Hope” which they put their hopes on related with efforts to eliminate HIV/AIDS.

4 Dec “Red Ribbon Tea Party"

It is the final activity of the activity series done as students follow up.
It has a goal to make everyone alert to the danger of HIV/AIDS that can threat anyone and it challenges everyone to think of HIV/AIDS through games, discussion and watching film “Yesterday”. Students also provide some mugs to be signed by everyone who are present then sold in auction. Amount of money collected then given to NGO concerns with HIV/AIDS problems.

Another group does follow up at Yogyakarta University. Students deliver material of HIV/AIDS in a Christian Cell Group of Yogyakarta University on December 4, 2009.

Group of students in Mercu Buana University allots brochures and questionnaire among their friends to know how far they know about HIV/AIDS.

In general, students are participating actively in all activities during either the training or when they are doing follow up at their places. ***

Youth and Health Program

Youth and Health Training

Date: November 6-8, 2009
Participants: 33 students (22 female, 11 male)
Theme: Don’t Avoid, Don’t be Apart! Let’s to know and stop HIV & AIDS!
Goals: giving an understanding to students what HIV/AIDS is and growing sense of sympathy and care on HIV/AIDS problems, motivating students actively involved in the socialization of HIV/AIDS

Summoning Young People to Care on HIV/AIDS Problem
Samuel Rachmat Subekti, the director of Victory Plus reveals his faith on God’s word on Isaiah 57:15. I am the high and holy God, who lives foe ever. I live in a high and holy place, but I also live with people who are humble and repentant, so that I can restore their confidence and hope.
Victory Plus is an organization as a place to cure infected people. Since Victory Plus established in 2004, Samuel feels that God also loves those who are infected by HIV/AIDS. It is not easy for infected people to live normally with others since stigma as infected people are affirmatively labeled to them.

Generally, people think that HIV/AIDS is a fearing disease, cursed disease, no treatment to cure, suffering sin people, and contagious disease that those are infected should be isolated and cannot be accepted by normal people. Those assumptions are not false at all and not correct at all but the result is stigmatization and discrimination in all social aspects, such as, family, society, community, office, church, health service and so on. Even a family that sends their son to Victory Plus is very reluctant to accept their son back after the curing treatment. They said that it is better for their son to stay with Samuel in Victory Plus. On the other hand, a wife that is fired from her work since her husband was known to be infected. It is problems!

Discrimination occurs as low understanding on such case among people, fear of death whenever interaction happen, shame feeling, and a disgrace to the infected people are problems of HIV/AIDS. The isolation leads to new spread of the virus since the infected people are reluctant to go to medical treatment, not declare fairly to their spouse and not using preventive treatment.

However, the fact is HIV/AIDS can be managed with anti-retroviral treatment though it cannot be cured. HIV is different with AIDS. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus causing AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome).

Participants learn how this disease can be contagious and how to prevent it. They are so absorbed to ask many questions to Samuel that detailed questions are launched so frequently that sometimes rather ridiculous. The important thing is that infected people also have the same right as the health people on education, health service, having job, social welfare even family and children. The infected people have to be the break off the cycles, not to spread to others, inform the status and socialize HIV/AIDS correctly.

Samuel declares that Victory Plus has some activities to make infected people community, open access for treatment, empower infected people based on their interest and skill, make some seminars and trainings of HIV/AIDS in church and social organizations, giving brochure about HIV/AIDS, and carry out National reflection on HIV/AIDS annually.

One problem in Indonesia that health test result of a certain disease is informed just for the patient not issued for their institutions to prevent spreading. Thus, the patient must be encouraged to declare the health status. A participant from Papua shares that sometimes health institutions not declare the status to the patient since they don’t have enough facility to diagnose such cases so the patient doesn’t know if he/she is infected or not. But Samuel says that some cities of Papua has modern facilities to diagnose blood test for identifying HIV/AIDS, moreover Papua is the highest rank for HIV/AIDS risk in Indonesia to get prevention and solution.

Mapping the Spread of HIV/AIDS in Yogyakarta

The Coordinator of Training Division of PKBI DIY, Wiwid delivers his session by explaining that HIV is firstly found in Bali in 1998. The infected man is not an Indonesian, but a Dutch. Seven months later AIDS emerges. So far, there are 18.963 cases noted in Indonesia. In Yogyakarta Province, city of Yogyakarta is on the top rank followed by Sleman Regency. The percentage of AIDS cases is rising every year among male. The top ten in Indonesia until March 2009 are West Java, Jakarta, East Java, Papua, Bali, West Kalimantan, Central Java, North Sumatera, Riau, and Islands of Riau. In 2008, Yogyakarta is in the 16th, but in 2009, it is in 11th. Although Yogya is the icon of education city in Indonesia, it cannot claim that it is free for HIV/AIDS. It has 461 cases of HIV and 154 cases of AIDS in 2008. The average ages of those are infected around 20 – 29 years old. It is the challenge for the students and Yogyakarta people to eliminate the spread of HIV/AIDS.

It is easier to make data of AIDS than HIV. Why? Health condition of the patients forces them to go to hospital, but not for HIV as they can manage themselves their suffering. Commercial Sexual Worker is the core of the spreading. Participants then learn how this virus incubation, how to check it and what treatment can be made to such condition.
As this virus may spread through liquid media like blood, sperm, vagina liquid, and mother’s milk, Wiwid reminds not to do free sex but faith to one spouse instead, care of health and healthy life to avoid the virus. As the practitioner knowing real condition, Wiwid has many experiences to share with students how to handle such cases. Even he declares that it is free for those who want to have VCT test to know whether someone caught by the virus or not. He opens his institution for those who want to check their blood using VCT.


Social Analysis of the issue of HIV/AIDS in Yogyakarta

Dra.Nunuk Murniati from LSM Yabinkas introduces herself as the victim of gender identity construction. She got married with a man named Sucipto, and then later she is called Mrs.Sucipto. She lost her own identity. She is a housewife but she is assumed as a bad housewife because she often goes out for her activities. As royal blood generation, she is demanded to have bland behavior. All of these are constructed by social culture where we grow up and all of us are life in such construction. This time, we choose Christian perspective to analyze HIV/AIDS issue since the social construction perspective says to avoid the infected people. In Indonesia, woman loses more when she is given a role based on gender.

Frankly speaking, that actually, now Indonesia is 20 years lagging behind on gender issue compared with other countries in the world. Unbalanced condition must be redeemed by repentance first. Many stories in Holy Bible teach how Jesus wants to raise woman’s dignity through his actions. It is a question for us if we are willing to be the same as the infected people, marginalized! Will be we humble to open our heart for them in our life? It is what is meant by repentance. Social analysis used here based on our faith, Christian. It analyzes all aspects covering social, economy, culture and politics to bring holistic wistful and finally collective action.

Christian should redefine the goal of his/her life. Life must be filled with actions to glorify the Lord. Life is not just for worldly life but merely for the sake of God whatever we can do although it is just a small thing. Woman has strength to do. The unbalanced gender occurs because of not only man and woman relationship but also the powered and unpowered.

Social analysis may be in a set of questions about what we will observe to have a conclusion in describing something. Social analysis has three perspectives that is; social fairness, gender fairness and feminism. The method includes questions of What, Why, Where, When, Who and How. Take an example;

Why youngsters are the most HIV/AIDS infected category?

Social aspects;
- Family background. What kind of family do they come from?
- Nurture. Do parents give much attention to their children?
- Living condition. In what kind of life condition do the children live?
- Coeval gathering. Do they have good coeval gathering? In addition, many other questions in others aspects to help us have valid and comprehensive mapping.

To help students to do their exposure after the session, Nunuk Murniati makes group discussion to yield some question points to be asked to the institution visited.

Students are discussing some points to get data during exposure.

Exposure

Participants are divided into two groups of exposure, one will go to ‘KEBAYA’ and the other will go to ‘Victory Plus’. ‘KEBAYA’ NGO is an organization concerns with transvestite (sissy) and ‘Victory Plus’, an organization concerns with HIV/AIDS infected youngsters.

Exposure at ‘KEBAYA’ Organization
KEBAYA stands for Keluarga Besar Waria Yogyakarta. Sisi a member of ‘KEBAYA’ tells his experience why he decides to be a sissy. He is well educated and a graduate of a well-known university in Yogyakarta. Although it is ridiculous for him at first and he tries hard to deny it but the feeling to be a woman is stronger and cannot to avoid. Participants are rather tongue tied at first entering the situation that they never imagine before. It is extremely different world for them. However, they try to break the icy situation with some questions and then finally they can adapt the situation well. It means that they learn to open their heart and be humble to feel the same as ‘KEBAYA’ members. The administrators of ‘KEBAYA’ share their dreams and hope for their community to have the same access as normal people. It is lucky that government and some NGOs care about their health especially related with HIV and AIDS, as they are very susceptible to the virus and disease. It is extremely difficult for them to have job access since no one and no institution wants to employ them. Many of them are working as commercial sexual worker, barbers, singing beggars and many other blue-collar jobs with very little income. However, they also have achievement in sport, fashions, cooking competitions, beautician and tailor. There are 228 registered as members of ‘KEBAYA’. Thirty-six of them are infected with HIV and nine of them are going under therapy. Commonly, the members are not well educated but they have commitment not to have sexual affair with children and teenagers under 20 years old. Administrator of ‘KEBAYA’ fights to get some education access for its members to make them more qualified to bear deserved income. Training for skill is very important for them.

Exposure at Victory Plus

Participants are sharing and listening to some HIV infected youngsters. They are sitting together and asking eagerly why, how, feeling and dream for the future. The sources are very brave to declare that they are infected of the virus. They are not ashamed to admit it but then determined to be better and wise in their life. The courage is not gained instantly; they need times to be brave to declare to their community about their condition with all consequences, isolated or losing friends. Being determined to be better, they have to access education like healthy people and work in any job fields. Having heart to infected ones must be done frequently and continually.

Exposure Presentation

Students prepare to have exposure presentation. Each group will present the organization they visit, the impression, data and fact and the action plan. During the presentation, their friends ask questions for sharpening the collected information and also action plan.

Advocacy Issue of HIV & AIDS

Advocacy is meant with control function towards society needs. One big institution that concerns with HIV/AIDS in Yogyakarta is PKBI. The regulation to combat HIV/AIDS in Yogyakarta is being formulated in the House of Representative. However, it is pity not to involve the susceptible to the virus and disease. Actually, it is very important to involve them in formulating the regulation. Advocacy can be given in some activities such as; medical service, psychological service, legal support and income generating training.

What society can do to help?
Don’t put stigma on them and do discrimination. Don’t isolate the infected people but give them chance for education and job access. Giving right to be parents and nurture children. Give correct information about HIV/AIDS to other people and make networking to support this marginalized community.

Before leaving the training, students as participants are expressing their experience following Youth and Health program. They admit that they are brought to other world, not normal world as they have before following the training. It is the first experience for to interact with HIV/AIDS infected people and transvestite people. They learn their life and struggle as the marginalized people. They are also challenge to think what they can do for them in humanism perspective.

Follow Up Civil Society Program

Students make a community care about empowering friends with law issue and public policies in their campus, social organizations and also praying groups, they are joining with. Especially students with Law Education background will be more intense to make discussion in classes either with their lecturer about law and society empowerment or with their Law Student Organizations. Students with theological study background will open their community mind with law understanding and the importance of being active to know public policy for people, so God’s words they deliver are not isolated with daily community life. ***

Having Exposure to House of Representative in Gunung Kidul Regency

Date: Monday, September 7, 2009
Time: 10:00 – 12:00 WIB
Place: Main Hall of House of Representative, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta.
Participants: 50 (coalition with other net-working organizations of Stube HEMAT)

This exposure is meant to give experience to students the actual meeting of legislative, to meet and discuss directly with legislators, to ask on some unclear policies and to know networking organizations of Stube HEMAT. The agenda of the House of Representative is open meeting by doing public hearing about Regency Budget Planning in the year of 2010. Students learn how and the reasons why a certain budget policy for a certain expense is decided and the goal of it. The budget is for many sectors such as health, education, physical development, agriculture, economy, and many other needs of the Regency. Students also learn how critical questions of other participants from NGOs are launched to the House of Representative and clarification given by the legislator members.

The chance to visit the House of Representative encourages students to know further about everything related with how public policy is decided for the sake of people. Corruption issue is a hot topic not only locally but also nationally. It is an ideal thought when the legislators cite that corruption must be combated and procedure must be done correctly and carefully.

Civil Society Training

Date: September 4-6, 2009.
Place: Wijaya Hotel, Kaliurang, Yogyakarta, Duta Wacana Christian University, Ombudsman Institution
Participants: 28 Students (10 female, 17 male)
Theme: “Observing Models of People Participation and Public Policy Transparency”.
Goals: Sharpening student’s insight with the surrounding public policies and what kind of participation matched to do in side with people.

Participants learn Social Stratification, Analysis of Civil Society Participation, The Role of Christian Institutions among Society in Indonesia and Their Participation on any Public Policies.

Rev. Yeanne Tadu delivers theological basic on Civil Society context that everybody has a task to speak out prophetical mission during her/his life with each social life background in the effort of promoting justice and social welfare. Social approach may be used to spread God’s words among society, especially touching the heterogeneous society of Indonesia. Empowering society has a purpose that they will not take for granted on the Bible clause that everyone must obey the state authorities, because no authorities exists without God’s permission, and the existing authorities have been put there by God as written in Romans 13.

Empowering society is meant that people have capability to assess whether the authorities come from God or not by observing the output and product of any public policies for the sake of justice and social welfare. Being capable with such issue analyses, people may contribute and participate actively in governmental affairs. Tri Wahyu K.H, the director of Indonesia Court Monitoring, delivers Introduction of Civil Society and the Role of Non-governmental Organization giving people advocacy. He worms out of participants’ ideas on the term of participation and asks what kind of participation that the participants have been done before. In general, they know well the termination of participation however; it is very difficult for them to say what kind of participations they have done, as they never get advocacy how to participate actively in one organization or criticism on a certain public policy.

Observing this condition, Tri Wahyu K.H says that it is a correct decision for them to be Stube HEMAT participants that will empower them to known what should be done to response the social dynamic in which they are living, especially in the topic of Civil Society. Actually, the state constitution (UUD’45, article 28 C, verse 2) has assured of people’s involvement in the framework of developing society, nation and the country.

State law no. 10, article 53, 2004 also assures that people have right to give suggestions orally or in written during the preparation of a certain regulation that will be issued by government. The characteristic of Civil Society may be identified from (1) the independency of people whenever they oppose against the government, (2) free public sphere and, (3) people capability to bound government domination. His criticism when monitoring the court running in Indonesia is that so far energy is spent out in designing regulation but less effort in the implementation.

Panel Discussion
Panel discussion is held in Duta Wacana Christian University. It is a series of training inviting some sources in the same time to get different point of view in some topic to be discussed together. The sources are Prof. Dr. Warsito Utomo delivering The Role of Christians in the Context of Civil Society, Drs. Wimmie Handiwidjojo, M.T delivering Church in the midst of Advanced Information Technology, Dra. Murti Lestari, M.Si, delivering Economy Analysis and People Social Welfare, and Ir. Nick T Wiratmoko, M.Si delivering People Advocacy to Gain Civil Society. Thirty-nine participants attend this panel, as it is open for Stube HEMAT networking organizations. Prof. Dr. Warsito Utomo cites that there is still asynchronous movement among Civil Society activators in Indonesia in the context of plurality Indonesia. Intellectual Christians have a task to participate actively to strengthen the concept of Civil Society in the basis of Christian faith as new creation and good understanding on the relationship between God and the authority by having high plurality concept. Alternative thought and breakthrough are demanded to penetrate the rigidity and stagnancy of the government regulations.

The characteristic of Civil Society is autonomous that should be possessed by church responding the advanced of information technology, Drs. Wimmie Handiwijojo, M.T states. Church services to its members may be changed in the performances as the demand of technology era and the changes of people life’s pattern even the evangelical activities. Church has big responsibility to preserve the quality of Christianity values among its members against the assault of modern era. Church has to be brave to make use technology to present God so the advanced technology does will lead to positive construction instead of destruction of moral and attitude. It is not only a big challenge but also chances.

Dra. Murti Lestari, M.T observes that social welfare may be one of indicators to support Civil Society. Social welfare can be easily defined as ability to afford life’s necessities however; social welfare may include capability in expressing one self and having many choices of social and economy. Indonesia macro economy is quite good but not for the micro. Indonesia is facing low efficiency and competitive power. It is dangerous situation since inefficient nation will be the loser in open market. Policy, institution, bureaucracy, infrastructure, entrepreneurship, and people’ ways of life as the superstructure must be reviewed overall. There are the bases to grow sense of Civil Society among people to be able participating actively in the running of the government.

As the practitioner, Ir. Nick T. Wiratmoko, M.Si adds that advocacy is not an instant and easy work. It needs patience and spirit to encourage people to gain their rights. Often it takes risk against stagnancy condition and irk comfortable zone. Making decision to take part in certain issue or policy needs not only bravery and intellectual capability but also preparation to accept consequences. Nick challenges the students with this fact.

Visiting Ombudsman Institution
Ombudsman is an independence institution to accept any complaints on the service, system and efficiency of private institutions when they serve public. There are two kinds of ombudsman, that is, state ombudsman concerning on governmental institutions and private ombudsman concerning on state institutions. Students are divided into two groups to visit the two Ombudsman institutions.

Any people can come here and share their difficulties working with private or governmental institution without any charge and they will be protected from any threat. So far not so many people know the ombudsman institution and ask the service, so the Chief of Ombudsman, Mr. Barkah and Mr. Suriyono accept the student’ visit well and ask them to socialize this institution among their community and even the society so more and more people will be aware that they are not alone to solve problems related with institution service. The two ombudsman is lied close each other, having address in 1 A and 1 B on the same street of Tentara Zeni Pelajar, Yogyakarta.

Having exposure to Ombudsman Institution, students come back to Wijaya Hotel continuing their in-door training. Haryati Panca Putri, SH, the director of Law Advocacy YAPHI Surakarta delivers her topic about The Role of Christian Law Advocacy Institution in Public Policies. As the practitioner, she reveals that conflict cannot be avoided when we want to give law advocacy to clients. The problems are for example goal conflict, time, legacy, financial budget, interest differences, weakness of public communication, and capacity to make decision. Further, many facts tells that many public policies are unfair and not in side with people, weakness of policy socialization, weakness of law supremacy, complex implementation and more victims are common people not the authority. “Since students, you should learn more outside campus the reality of law implementation and law advocacy to victims. You can join any Law Advocacy Institution that can be accessed to know the real fact and its management,” she adds. Haryati Panca Putri shares her institution experiences in handling law cases such as Cement “Gresik” and Bantaran case that aggrieving people. Often victims will keep silent after getting compensation without any critical thought whether the compensation is reasonably right or not. It is the time to give advocacy by empowering victims to gain what they should deserve to get. She reminds that each of us has a role to play and it should be played well when we want to have any changes.

Civil Society Program

The goal of reformation in Indonesia post New Era regime is to bring government closer to its people. It means that government should put service to its people as the priority and accommodate more to people interest and needs. Further people should be empowered to be involved in any policy made by the government. People can be the controller of it and participate independently in national development. It may be one process to make a healthy democracy. Both transparency in ruling government and people active participation are needed to gain success in national lead. People involvement will support a fair and transparent government.

Empowering society is meant building capacity to understand what civil society is and to learn formulating and deciding policy. There are many models of people participations but it depends on contextual issue faced by the people. It admits that more and more Christian cadres are required to participate bravely in side with people in sharpening any policies issued by the authority not only become a well doer without considering the impact of policies to people’s life.

Christian students are part of the future cadres of the nation. They should have a sense towards such issue of Civil Society. Stube HEMAT facilitates students to grow their awareness on it leads to democratic and social justice nation. It’s also God’s summon to His followers as salt and light of the world. Students with any study background can grow their critical sense in every field of study that giving priority for the sake of justice and social welfare.

This program covers some activities of trainings, exposure, visiting house of representative and making community.

Poster for Gender Workshop in Germany

GENDER WORKSHOP, June 2010, Bonn, Germany

Like a seed sprouting, gender mainstreaming grows steady although it is not as easy as to say, penetrating any obstacles of culture, religion, social structure and paradigm. Take place in Andreas Hermes Academy, Bonn, Germany, an international workshop on gender mainstreaming invites partner organizations of EED and ESP from many countries in the world including Ghana, Uganda, Kenya, Brazil, Congo, Ecuador, Myanmar, Cambodia, India and Indonesia to share about gender problems and to learn the serious concern of the two donors in promoting woman in the world to have justice and equality through education or training.

Stube HEMAT, one of ESP partner organizations in Indonesia participates in the workshop by sending the Stube Coordinator, Ariani Narwastujati as the representative of the organization.

Gender is not absolutely talking about the oppressed woman but also fair relationship between two sexes. Different life background of the participants gives the dynamic of the workshop that requires each participant to listen carefully to each contextual problem brought from different countries and continents.

Myanmar, for example, depicts that gender as a serious problem in which culture, patriarchy system, even religion squeeze woman not able to move. Woman generally is not aware of such condition that assumed as common values that they take for granted. Many more women in the world is not and has not been aware that they are actually victims of system hampering equality in education, politic, economy even sexual affairs. Who will be responsible? Awareness on gender equality is the key to enable woman being independence to give more impact of the future life.

All participants are in pose together before departing to view Bonn in a glance and enjoy the beauty of Rhine River. ***